Al含量对MnAl粉体微波吸收特性的影响

采用高能球磨和热处理工艺制备了MnAl合金粉体,使用SEM、XRD和网络矢量分析仪研究Al含量对MnAl合金粉体组织结构和微波吸收特性的影响。结果表明:随Al含量的增加,MnAl合金粉体中Al0.89Mn1.11、β-Mn和Al2Mn3含量降低、Al8Mn5含量升高,使粉体磁损耗和介电损耗增加、共振频率向低频移动、吸收峰数增加。吸波层厚度为2.0mm时,Mn40Al60样品在12.2 GHz频率处有最大吸收峰,其反射率最小值为–26.5 d B,具有较好的频宽效果。MnAl粉体对电磁波的吸波机理包括吸波涂层内的损耗以及前后界面反射电磁波在前界面处的干涉损耗。     

激光喷丸与机械喷丸对304不锈钢应力腐蚀性能的影响

对304不锈钢板试样分别进行了激光喷丸与机械喷丸处理,采用X射线衍射仪分析了表层显微组织和晶粒尺寸的变化,通过慢应变速率拉伸腐蚀试验检测了应力腐蚀敏感性。结果表明,通过激光喷丸处理,表层晶粒得到了细化,但没有产生明显的马氏体相变,随着喷丸能量密度增大,应力腐蚀敏感性减小;而通过机械喷丸处理的试样,晶粒细化的同时诱发了明显的马氏体相变,随着喷丸压力升高,应力腐蚀敏感性呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势。     

高强度喷丸对300M钢抗疲劳性能的影响

采用喷丸强度分别为0.424mm和0.576mm的两种工艺对300M钢进行高强度喷丸强化,从表面完整性、残余应力场、显微硬度及抗疲劳性能等方面研究了高强度喷丸对300M钢的强化效果。结果表明:喷丸强化处理后,300M钢试样喷丸面均被弹坑完全覆盖,表面粗糙度显著提高;喷丸后试样表层形成较高的残余压应力场,表面显微硬度得到提高;喷丸后试样疲劳寿命比喷丸强化前的有小幅提高,较高的表面粗糙度造成的应力集中以及微裂纹的产生是其疲劳寿命没有明显提高的主要原因。     

某小口径枪械内弹道时期枪管的动态响应研究

为了研究内弹道时期枪管的动态响应规律,基于3D-DIC数据采集系统得到了内弹道时期枪管的动态响应,建立了随动边界条件下枪管热弹耦合模型和枪管振动有限元模型,并将有限元模型计算结果与协同仿真模型结合,采用随机理论模拟100 m立靶的弹丸落点。有限元结果得到了试验的验证。研究表明:随动边界会导致枪管的应力响应沿着轴线方向存在极大的不均匀性,并且热载荷的作用会提高枪管内壁的应力响应峰值,内弹道时期枪口振动响应大致可以分为下垂—回弹—下垂3个部分,利用简化后协同仿真模型能较好地预测小口径武器单发射弹散布。     

堵孔钝感高能叠氮硝胺发射药的性能

为了解决高能叠氮硝胺发射药燃烧渐增性欠佳及低温感效果较差的问题,采用高分子复合材料堵孔和含能复合材料钝感的两步法工艺,制备了3种内孔被高分子复合材料形成的“塞子”封堵、表面被钝感的钝感高能叠氮硝胺发射药(本研究称之为堵孔钝感发射药)。采用爆热和密闭爆发器试验,研究了堵孔钝感发射药的能量性能及静态燃烧性能。结果表明,与空白药相比,随着堵孔材料及钝感材料含量的增加,3种堵孔钝感发射药WCBF-1/18、WCBF-2/18和WCBF-3/18的爆热分别下降2.6%、3.6%和4.3%,燃烧渐增性增强且燃烧渐增性因子Pr值由0.471分别提高到0.552、0.563和0.576。3种堵孔钝感发射药WCBF-1/18、WCBF-2/18和WCBF-3/18的高温相对燃烧活度温度系数的绝对值均值分别为2.87%、1.89%和1.56%,相较于空白药均有所下降,表明堵孔钝感发射药高常温区间内低温感效果好。     

Al-FeF3复合燃料的制备及应用性能

针对固体推进剂在改进铝粉燃烧性能方面的迫切需要,以铝粉为基材,FeF_3作为添加剂,采用高能球磨法制备Al-FeF_3复合燃料。通过研究粉末配比、球磨参数等对铝基复合燃料组织、结构以及热性能等的影响,优化制备工艺,获得平均粒径为微米级的铝基复合燃料。热重-差示扫描量热联用技术(TG-DSC)表明,Al-FeF_3复合燃料在氧化过程中,可以实现较低温度下(600～1400℃)的快速氧化。端燃75发动机试车表明,使用Al-FeF_3复合燃料全部取代普通球形铝粉后发动机壳体内部无较大铝粉熔融残渣,残渣率从6.151%下降到4.215%。结果表明,Al-FeF_3复合燃料有助于解决Al粉在推进剂中不完全燃烧的问题,在降低燃烧残渣率,减少发动机两相流损失方面有着潜在应用价值。     

一种基于电子闪光技术的引信炸点发光指示器

在引信高速弹目交会试验中,需要一种装置明确指示引信对指定目标是否可靠启动。在以往试验中采用小型的发光战斗部,但发光战斗部属于火工品,使用中存在一定安全隐患,并且成本较高。针对该问题,设计了一种基于电子闪光技术的引信炸点指示器,具有响应快、亮度高、持续时间长、结构简单可靠,能够代替发光战斗部,提高试验的安全性,并可重复使用,降低了试验成本,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

Probabilistic prediction of high cycle fatigue reliability of high strength steel butt‐welded joints

The aim of this paper is to develop a probabilistic approach of high cycle fatigue (HCF) behaviour prediction of welded joints taking into account the surface modifications induced by welding and the post‐welding shot peening treatment. In this work, the HCF Crossland criterion has been used and adopted to the case of welded and shot peened welded parts, by taking into account the surface modifications which are classified as follows: (i) the compressive residual stresses, (ii) the surface work‐hardening, (iii) the geometrical irregularities and (iv) the superficial defects. The random effects due to the dispersions of: (i) the HCF Crossland criterion material characteristics (ii) the applied loading and (iii) the surface modifications parameters are introduced in the proposed model. The HCF reliability has been computed by using the ‘strength load’ method with Monte Carlo simulation. The reliability computation results lead to obtain interesting and useful iso‐probabilistic Crossland diagrams (PCD) for different welding and shot peening surface conditions. To validate the proposed method, the approach has been applied to a butt‐welded joint made of S550MC high strength steel (HSS). Four types of specimens are investigated: (i) base metal (BM), (ii) machined and grooved (MG) condition, (iii) As welded (AW) condition and (iv) as welded and shot peened (AWSP) condition. The comparison between the computed reliabilities and the experimental investigations reveals good agreement leading to validate the proposed approach. The effects of the different welded and post‐weld shot peened specimen's surface properties are analysed and discussed using the design of experiments (DoE) techniques.     

Kinetics of cold work embrittlement in rephosphorised,interstitial free steels

Abstract

The kinetics of cold work embrittlement, associated with grain boundary segregation of P in batch annealed interstitial free steels, was determined from the temperature–time cycle of the batch annealing process. The grain boundary segregation predictions were subsequently extended to a hypothetical optimised steel chemistry, where C effectively displaced P from the grain boundary through a site competitive interaction process. The P–C, site competitive process was expected to minimise the cold work embrittlement phenomena experienced in interstitial free steels. From a comparison of grain boundary P segregation, it was possible to draw conclusions concerning the minimum grain boundary P level that can be achieved through appropriate modification of the batch annealing cycle or by optimisation of the steel chemistry.